Incidence and control of cocoa pod borer and Helopeltis in Indonesia
Daymond, A.
It is advisable to refer to the publisher's version if you intend to cite from this work. See Guidance on citing. Official URL: https://www.aciar.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-... Abstract/SummaryA survey was conducted of 120 farms in eight provinces in Indonesia (Central, South, South-East and West Sulawesi; West Sumatra; Lampung; East Java; and West Papua) of cocoa pod borer (CPB) and Helopeltis incidence and control. The data were collected over a 3-year period (2014–17) as part of a broader survey of farmer practices and productivity. Farmers were interviewed each year, and farms were monitored every 6 weeks for productivity, and pest and disease incidence. The presence of pests was identifed as a key challenge by a high proportion of farmers (98%, 89.8% and 77.6% of farmers in 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively). CPB was recorded in all provinces; the highest incidence of severe infestation was in Central Sulawesi, and the lowest incidence was in Lampung. Most farmers conducted some sort of control against CPB; the largest proportion used pesticides (72.5%, 73.7% and 69.8% of farmers in 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively). Helopeltis incidence varied signifcantly between provinces (P < 0.001); the highest number of infested pods per tree was recorded in East Java. The proportion of farmers using pesticides against Helopeltis was 60.8% in 2014 and fell to 49.1% in 2016. A number of farmers in East Java used biological control in the form of black ants against both pests. On average, 10% of on-farm expenditure was on pesticides. Overall, the survey illustrated the wide-ranging occurrence of both pests in Indonesia, with infestation being higher in some provinces than others. Although many farmers were employing control measures, there was a high level of dependency on pesticides, suggesting that more targeted control strategies may be needed.
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